2012-2017年中国丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例的时空分布及相关性分析

目的 比较2012-2017年我国丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例的时间及空间分布，分析两种疾病时间与空间的相关性。方法 对2012-2017年我国传染病疫情信息网络直报系统中的丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例数据，按照审核日期及现住址按年份和省份统计，并通过简单相关以及线性回归分析两种疾病之间在时间与空间的相关性。结果 2012-2017年我国丙型肝炎报告病例数基本维持稳定，分别为201 622、203 155、202 803、207 897、206 832和214 023例；2012-2017年我国HIV/AIDS报告病例数呈平稳增长趋势，分别为82 434、90 119、103 501、115 465、124 555及134 512例。两者均居前列的省份为河南、广东、新疆、广西、湖南和云南。简单相关分析提示，2012-2017年，各年份、各省份的丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例数之间有正相关关系（r值均>0.5，P值均<0.01）；线性回归分析提示丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例数的相关系数r_s和年份之间具有较强的相关性（r=0.966），其大小随着时间变化呈线性上升。结论 我国丙型肝炎与HIV/AIDS报告病例数在不同省份存在时间及空间上的相关性，提示在疫情严重地区开展防治工作，特别是血液传播的防治措施可考虑将两者有机结合。     

Patterns of sustained e-cigarette use in a sample of young adults

IntroductionE-cigarette use and devices are rapidly changing, yet there is not much scientific evidence examining these changes over time. The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of e-cigarette use in a sample of sustained (i.e., reporting past 30-day e-cigarette use at every wave) e-cigarette users over a two-year period.MethodsData are drawn from five waves of the Project M-PACT cohort. Analyses are limited to those reporting past 30-day e-cigarette use at each wave (n = 75). Mixed effects regressions were conducted for the following dependent variables: device type, number of days used, combustible tobacco product use, and symptoms of nicotine dependence. Each model used survey wave as the time variable, and controlled for sociodemographic variables.ResultsAmong sustained users, the majority reported using a rechargeable device. The average number of days used was about 2 for disposable devices and 14 for rechargeable devices (p < .0001). The odds of combustible tobacco product use decreased over time (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI 0.57–0.89), while symptoms of e-cigarette nicotine dependence increased over time (β = 0.07 SE = 0.03, p-value = .02). For both e-cigarette device types, there were no changes in device type or number of days used over time.ConclusionThis is one of the first studies to look at changes in e-cigarette use, including symptoms of dependence and number of days used over a two-year period. This brief report extends the current literature by examining more than the prevalence and frequency of e-cigarette use.